Aaj ke time mein share market ek bahut hi attractive investment option ban gaya hai. Lekin kai logon ke liye, share market ko samajhna thoda mushkil ho sakta hai, khaaskar jab aap naye ho. Agar aapko bhi stock market ki duniya mein pair jamane hain, toh yeh guide aapke liye hai. Hum aapko step-by-step share market kaise sikhein, yeh samjhayenge.
## Share Market Kya Hota Hai?
Sabse pehle samajhte hain share market hota kya hai. Share market ek aisa jagah hai jahan companies apne shares ko bechti hain aur log in shares ko kharid kar company mein apna hissa banate hain. Jab aap kisi company ka share kharidte hain, toh aap us company ke malik ban jate hain, lekin proportionately jitne shares kharide hain utna hissa aapka hota hai.
Share market ke do pramukh parts hote hain:
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1.Primary Market:
Jab koi company pehli baar apne shares ko public ke liye issue karti hai, toh usse primary market kehte hain. Yeh process **IPO** (Initial Public Offering) ke zariye hota hai.
2. Secondary Market:
Jab shares IPO ke baad stock exchanges jaise NSE (National Stock Exchange) aur BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) mein trade hone lagte hain, toh ise secondary market kaha jata hai.
## Share Market Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
Share market mein trading ka process simple hai, lekin samajhne layak hai. Jab bhi koi company apne shares issue karti hai, investors usse kharidte hain. Yeh shares phir stock exchanges par list ho jate hain jahan investors unhe kharidte aur bechte hain.
Share ka price demand aur supply ke basis par decide hota hai. Agar kisi company ke shares ki demand zyada hoti hai, toh price badhta hai, aur agar demand kam hoti hai, toh price girta hai. Investors ka main motive hota hai ki woh shares ko kam price par kharidein aur zyada price par bechein taaki unhe profit ho sake.
## Share Market Mein Invest Kaise Karein?
Share market mein invest karne ke liye aapko kuch basic cheezon ka dhyaan rakhna padega. Niche diye gaye steps ko follow karke aap asaani se apni investment journey shuru kar sakte hain.
1.Demat aur Trading Account Kholein:
Share market mein invest karne ke liye sabse pehle aapko ek Demat aur Trading account kholna padta hai. Demat account ek virtual account hota hai jisme aapke shares store hote hain. Trading account ke through aap shares kharidte aur bechte hain. Aapko kisi bhi SEBI registered broker ke through yeh accounts kholna padta hai. Brokers commission lete hain, toh alag-alag brokers ki fees ko compare karke best option chunna zaroori hai. Aao angel one, zerodha etc. broker ka use kar sakte hai.
2.Market Research Karein:
Shares kharidne se pehle aapko acchi research karni hogi. Kis company ke shares me invest karna chahiye, uska decision research ke bina lena risky ho sakta hai. Company ka financial performance, future growth prospects aur industry trends jaise aspects ko samajhna important hai.
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Iske liye aapko kuch basic cheezon ki understanding honi chahiye jaise:
**Company ka Profit and Loss Statement:
Isse aap jaan sakte hain ki company profitable hai ya loss mein chal rahi hai.
Balance Sheet:
Yeh company ki assets aur liabilities ko dikhati hai.
Cash Flow Statement:
Yeh batati hai ki company ke paas cash kitna hai aur woh usse kaise manage karti hai.
3.Short-term vs Long-term Investment Decide Karein
Share market mein aap do tarike se invest kar sakte hain: short-term aur long-term.
Short-term Investment:
Isme aap kuch din ya mahino ke liye shares kharidte hain aur market ke trends dekh kar bech dete hain jab price badhne lage. Yeh strategy risky hoti hai lekin profits jaldi ho sakte hain.
Long-term Investment:
Isme aap shares ko kaafi time tak hold karte hain, months se lekar saalon tak. Long-term investment kaafi safe hoti hai kyunki market fluctuations se nikalne ka samay milta hai.
4.Diversification Karein:
Kabhi bhi apne saare paise ek hi company ya sector mein invest mat karein. Hamesha apna portfolio diversify karein. Agar aap ek hi company ke shares mein invest karte hain aur us company ka performance kharab ho jata hai, toh aapko loss ho sakta hai. Lekin agar aap different companies aur sectors mein invest karte hain, toh risk kaafi kam ho jata hai.
5.Emotional Decisions Se Bachein:
Share market ek aisa jagah hai jahan aapko apne emotions ko control mein rakhna padta hai. Kai baar market mein girawat hoti hai, lekin aapko patience rakhna hota hai. Panic selling karne se loss ho sakta hai. Market ki temporary girawat ka matlab yeh nahi hota ki aapko shares bech dene chahiye. Hamesha apne goals ko dhyan mein rakhte hue decisions lein.
## Share Market Ke Basic Terms
Agar aap naye hain toh kuch basic terms ko samajhna zaroori hai:
1.Bull Market:
Jab market mein shares ka price continuously badhta hai toh usse bull market kehte hain.
2.Bear Market:
Jab market mein shares ka price continuously girta hai toh usse bear market kehte hain.
3.Dividend:
Company apne profits ka kuch hissa apne shareholders ko dividend ke roop mein deti hai. Yeh ek regular income ka source ho sakta hai investors ke liye.
4.Market Capitalization:
Kisi company ke total shares ki value ko market capitalization kehte hain. Yeh company ki size ka indicator hota hai.
5.P/E Ratio (Price to Earnings Ratio):
Yeh ratio batata hai ki kisi company ke share ka price uske earnings ke comparison mein kaisa hai. High P/E ratio ka matlab hota hai ki stock overvalued ho sakta hai, jabki low P/E ratio ka matlab undervalued stock ho sakta hai.
## Risks Aur Rewards
Share market mein invest karna high-risk, high-reward game hota hai. Jaise ki koi bhi investment option, isme bhi risk hota hai. Market kabhi upar jata hai, kabhi neeche, isliye har investor ko risk ko samajhna chahiye.
**Rewards:**
– Aapko long-term mein accha return mil sakta hai agar aap sahi shares chunne hain.
– Dividends ek regular income source ban sakta hai.
– Stocks ka return bank FD ya other traditional investment options se zyada ho sakta hai.
**Risks:**
– Market volatility ke karan aapko short-term losses face karne pad sakte hain.
– Agar aap bina research ke invest karte hain toh kaafi loss bhi ho sakta hai.
– Emotional decisions lene par aapka portfolio damage ho sakta hai.;
## Conclusion
Share market ko samajhna aur usme invest karna koi rocket science nahi hai, lekin thoda patience aur knowledge ki zaroorat hoti hai. Agar aap achhi research karte hain, apne financial goals ko dhyan mein rakhte hain aur apne emotions ko control mein rakhte hain, toh aap share market mein successful investor ban sakte hain.
Hamesha yaad rakhein, share market ek long-term wealth creation ka tool hai. Aap jitna jaldi seekhna shuru karenge, utna accha hoga. Toh aaj hi apni investment journey start karein, aur samajhdari se apna portfolio banayein!
